Overview of indications of antipsychotics HAL TRIed to FLy high: HALoperidol, TRIfluoperazine, and FLuphenazine are high potency antipsychotics.ĬHarlatans and THIeves are lowlifes: CH lorpromazine and THIoridazine are low potency antipsychotics. Anticholinergic and sympatholytic effects.Clozapine can cause agranulocytosis and lowers the seizure threshold.

Exception: aripiprazole does not cause hyperprolactinemia.Metabolic effects (usually weight gain, hyperglycemia, new-onset diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia ) most prominent.Interaction with several other receptors (i.e., D 3, D 4, α-adrenergic, and H 1 receptors ).D 2 receptor antagonism (less pronounced than that of FGAs).Anticholinergic effects, sympatholytic effects, metabolic effects, and sedation dominate.Metabolic and anticholinergic effects less pronounced.Extrapyramidal symptoms most common in high-potency FGAs.Acute agitated states (e.g., patients who are agitated and aggressive due to alcohol and/or illicit drug use).Dopamine -specific antagonism ( D 2 receptor ).A potentially life-threatening side effect of both first-generation and second-generation antipsychotics is neuroleptic malignant syndrome, which manifests with fever, muscle rigidity, autonomic instability, and mental status changes.

Metabolic side effects (e.g., weight gain, insulin resistance), on the other hand, are more typical of second-generation antipsychotics.

Extrapyramidal symptoms, which include acute dystonia, akathisia, and tardive dyskinesia, are the most common side effects of first-generation antipsychotics. The antipsychotic effect of first-generation antipsychotics (also called typical antipsychotics, e.g., haloperidol) is based on D 2 antagonism, while second-generation antipsychotics (also called atypical antipsychotics) interact with several receptors (e.g., D 2, D 3, D 4, 5-HT). The term neuroleptics was formerly used interchangeably with antipsychotics because early antipsychotic drugs induced apathy, quiescence, and reduced psychomotor activity, but newer antipsychotic drugs have a decreased risk of these effects. Antipsychotics are a heterogeneous group of substances used primarily to treat schizophrenia, psychosis, mania, delusions, and states of agitation.

Antidote for haldol